How Cinema and Theater Convey Pleasure in the Acts of Search and Lust E

How Cinema and Theater Convey Pleasure in the Acts of Search and Lust In her essay, Visual Pleasure and memorial Cinema, British film manufacturer Laura Mulvey attempts to demystify how pleasure can be fulfilled in film. Contending that a pleasure in looking (scopohilia) and a pleasure in possessing the female as what to be looked at (voyeurism) fufills the audiences passions, Mulvey suggests how filmmakers use this knowledge to create film that panders to our congenital desires. In Meshes of the afternoon by Maya Deren and Vertigo by Alfred Hitchcock, it is seen that Mulveys argumentthe desire to look, the hunting, seeking, and reflexion, and harnessing of the female form is natural human desire. Deren and Hitchcock pass on use entirely different techniques to procure that sense of fulfillment for the audience. But how does this watching and looking translate in to the written word? In The Winters Tale by William Shakespeare, we get out see the ideas approached by M ulvey and the themes used by Hitchcock and Deren utilized to create a sense of looking and objectifying the woman in the absence of the screen. Through this paper, the concepts of pleasure for Mulvey will be shown to have applicability non only in cinema only in art in far more universal terms. First, a discussion of pleasure and Mulveys rendering of it will allow for clearer understanding as to what this fulfillment actually is. Secondly, Vertigo will be examinedas an caseful of mainstream film utilizing the ideas of scopophila and voyeurism in a pure(a) balance. Scottie and his search will then be contrasted with Leontes of Shakespeares Winters Tale, where again desires will be balance in harmony with Mulveys principles. It is to receive clear through... ...wrongthe film version goes so far as to have characters cheating to the camera, informing the viewer of what is fact. The innate desire to seek and find is relieve clear in The Winters Tale. However, Leontes stubborn a rrogance allows a sexually charged voyeuristical desire to surface, at no foreshadow more clear than when Hermione stands as a statue in the final scenean object, a creation. The focus is on her form, her featuresHermione as an image and representation of the desire to be voyeuristic. While Shakespeare doesnt have the cinematic luxuries of lighting and shadow at his disposal, he proves that Mulveys argument that desire is expressed in voyeuristic and scopophiliac fashion, but also that these innate desires of an audience transcend mediums and can in fact be fulfilled and appreciated in written form as ofttimes as within the intricacies of modern film. How Cinema and Theater Convey Pleasure in the Acts of Search and Lust EHow Cinema and Theater Convey Pleasure in the Acts of Search and Lust In her essay, Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, British film maker Laura Mulvey attempts to demystify how pleasure can be fulfilled in film. Contending that a pleasure in looking (scopohilia) and a pleasure in possessing the female as what to be looked at (voyeurism) fufills the audiences desires, Mulvey suggests how filmmakers use this knowledge to create film that panders to our innate desires. In Meshes of the Afternoon by Maya Deren and Vertigo by Alfred Hitchcock, it is seen that Mulveys argumentthe desire to look, the hunting, seeking, and watching, and harnessing of the female form is natural human desire. Deren and Hitchcock will use entirely different techniques to achieve that sense of fulfillment for the audience. But how does this watching and looking translate in to the written word? In The Winters Tale by William Shakespeare, we will see the ideas approached by Mulvey and the themes used by Hitchcock and Deren utilized to create a sense of looking and objectifying the woman in the absence of the screen. Through this paper, the concepts of pleasure for Mulvey will be shown to have applicability not only in cinema but in art in far m ore universal terms. First, a discussion of pleasure and Mulveys definition of it will allow for clearer understanding as to what this fulfillment actually is. Secondly, Vertigo will be examinedas an example of mainstream film utilizing the ideas of scopophila and voyeurism in a perfect balance. Scottie and his search will then be contrasted with Leontes of Shakespeares Winters Tale, where again desires will be balanced in harmony with Mulveys principles. It is to become clear through... ...wrongthe film version goes so far as to have characters cheating to the camera, informing the viewer of what is fact. The innate desire to seek and find is still clear in The Winters Tale. However, Leontes stubborn arrogance allows a sexually charged voyeuristic desire to surface, at no point more clear than when Hermione stands as a statue in the final scenean object, a creation. The focus is on her form, her featuresHermione as an image and representation of the desire to be voyeuristic. Whil e Shakespeare doesnt have the cinematic luxuries of lighting and shadow at his disposal, he proves that Mulveys argument that desire is expressed in voyeuristic and scopophiliac fashion, but also that these innate desires of an audience transcend mediums and can in fact be fulfilled and appreciated in written form as much as within the intricacies of modern film.

Faulkners Light in August - Setting :: Light August Essays

Light in August - Setting Most of Light in August is set in the townships, villages, and countryside of the early 1930s Deep South. It is a land of racial prejudice and stern religion. Community ties are still strong an outsider is really identifiable, and commonwealth gossip about their neighbors. In this part of the country, the past lives on, even physically. For example, the confine in which Joe Christmas stays and in which Lena Grove gives birth is a slave cabin dating back to before the Civil War. And finally the South of this epoch is still close to nature. Right outside the town are the woods. All these aspects of the displace lend themselves especially well to Faulkners favorite themes, for example, the relationships between the community and the individual and between the present and the past. But Faulkners setting is instead specific. Faulkner modeled his fictional Yoknapatawpha County on Lafayette County, Mississippi, and the city of Jefferson on his hometown, Oxford, and perhaps on neighboring Ripley as well. He describes his regions smells, sights, and sounds in loving detail its chirping insects, its summer heat, its unique light. Some of Jefferson is a quite accurate rendering of Oxford--for example, the hilltop over which Lena first sees Jefferson in the distance, the ditch in which Joe Christmas briefly hides when pursued by Percy Grimm, almost all of the route Joe Christmas walks from the town barbershop through Freedman Town and back, and even the schedule of the Jefferson train that the Hineses take. (Note that the farther Faulkner gets from Jefferson the less detailed his descriptions of setting often become.) Still, Faulkner felt free to modify his sources whenever it conform to his fictional purposes. He removed Oxfords intellectual center, the University of Mississippi. And Presbyterians are a larger percentage of fictional Jefferson than of real-world northern Mississippi. This change helps Faulkner ex plore his interest in Calvinist and Puritan forms of Christianity. Of course, you must also remember that Mississippi in 1932 was quite different from what it is today. At that time racial segregation was enshrined in law blacks were non permitted to vote, and many brutal lynchings occurred. Specific residences are almost always Faulkners fictional creations.

Romania - Ecotourism in Romania Essay -- essays research papers

Fascinating RomaniaAt the eastern edge of Europe, Romania is perhaps best known for its relentless Sea resorts, such as Mamaia and the Greco-Byzantine port of Constanta, and the Danube delta, listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site for its rich wetlands and abundant bird-life. The Transylvanian Alps occupy more than of the northern half of the realm, the waters of their many spa resorts having been appreciated for their healing properties since Roman times. Romania offers a rich tapestry tourist attractions and vacation experiences unique in Central-Eastern Europe medieval towns in Transylvania, the world-famous Painted Monasteries in Bucovina, traditional villages in Maramures, the magnificent architecture of Bucharest, the romantic Danube Delta, fairy-tale castles, the Black Sea resorts, the majestic Carpathian Mountains, spas and much more.Transylvania is similarly the legendary home of Bram Stokers Dracula, based on an infamous medieval king Vlad the Impaler whose spooky abode at Bran Castle may be visited. The northern half of the country is bisected by the great Carpathian Mountains, most of which are covered by pristine mountain woodwind instruments which shelter one of Europes last strongholds for large carnivore populations. Romania is a country with rich biodiversity (ecosystems, species and genetic diversity) and a high percentage of natural ecosystems 47% of the land area of the country is covered with natural and semi-natural ecosystems. The natural integrity of forest ecosystems is indicated by the presence of the full range of European forest fauna, including 60% and 40% of all European brown bears and wolves, respectively. Europes largest wetland, the Danube Delta, also lies predominantly in Romania. Major grasslands, caves, and an extensive network of rivers, add to the ecosystem richness. Important for Romania as well as for all Europe, is that the territory of Romania is a confluence point amidst biogeographic regions between arcti c, alpine, west and central European, pannonic, balkanic, sub Mediterranean and even eastern colchic. The high level of geographic diversity in Romania and the consequence of its emplacement as a biological confluence place have produced a floral diversity that includes over 3,70... ...rs and of local infrastructure. It also promotes the technological progress, environmental safeguard activities, and the financial sector reorganization. The development and restructuring of these fields are prerequisites for the increased traffic of local and international tourists.Well known for a long time on international scale, the Romanian hospitality proved to be, over the years and quite often, not only a characteristic of the Romanian people but, using the touristic language, a promoting instrument of the national offer on the international market, too. The idea of developing the tourism in Romania is based on this characteristic of the Romanians, and on the beauty of the Romanian village and landscape.Biographyhttp//www.carpathians.org/l_rom.htmhttp//www.ce-review.org/99/2/lovatt2.htmlhttp//home.online.no/romemb/tourism.htmhttp//www.grida.no/enrin/biodiv/biodiv/national/romania/robiodiv.htmhttp//www.responsibletravel.com/TripSearch/Europe/Country100204.htmhttp//aboutromania.com/photos.htmlhttp//www.factbook.ro/countryreports/ro/Ro_Tourism.htmhttp//www.factbook.net/index.html

Process Essay - How to Win an Argument :: Expository Process Essays

Process Essay - How to Win an ArgumentTo win an argument one essential keep in mind the following factors Is the argumentworth fighting? Do you ware the proper background to win the argument? Who isyour opponent? And finally, do I have the proper argumentative behavior. Before pretendting involved in an argument, you must decide whether or not it iseven worth fighting. Does the display case at hand have any interest to you, does itmake a difference if you win or lose. An argument about Jackie Glesons weightat death, or the amount of torque output in a 1976 Ford Pinto, in all likelihood doesntmake much difference to anyone and isnt very interesting. Not getting involvedis probably the best way to go. However if the argument will decide who gets thebest parking spot at school, or whether you have one week or one month towrite an essay, you may want to consider getting into the dispute. If fightingarguments is just an ego boost or hobby, then disregard the above. The nigh item to take into consideration is your background on the topic. Youshould never enter an argument you have no information about, because it willonly end in your mother is a ..... insults. In a factual argument, it ishelpful if the truth is on your side, tho as weve learned from our politicians,it is not necessary. However, if the truth does eventually get out you may endup looking like a fool. In a multi-sided argument, an argument which is notdealing in absolute truths, but rather different opinions, it is preferable tobelieve in the side you for which you are arguing, but isnt necessary if yourbackground is strong enough. In simpler terms, dont get into an argument you cognise nothin about. It is important to know with whom you are arguing. If you are in a relationship(guy - missy), and you are the guy, give up now you cant win. The laws of natureare against you. If you are the girl in the relationship, you dont need advise.It doesnt matter if you are right or wrong youve won. Just act upset or letout a a few(prenominal) tears and hell crumble. However if you are involved in a same sex, or non relationship bound, argumentthe game plan is much different. You must have background information, asdiscussed earlier, as well as a knowledge of your opponent. If he has no insightinto the subject and you do, then the upper hand is yours.

Behavioral Therapy Essay -- Psychology, Illness, Hypnosis , Pain

Most contemporary psychological give-and-take approaches atomic number 18 predecessors of the ancient and medieval philosophies and theories. Cognitive behavioural therapy as virtuoso of the modern treatment method in not an independently formed treatment, different theories have contributed to its present shape and application. The purpose of this make-up is analysing the contributing treatment approaches that resulted in the emergence of the Behavioural Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The paper presents and analyses the contributions that previous psychological treatment methods made in culminating the CBT. To this end, the paper presents the main treatment methods that are assumed to be most important and analyse their main arguments in detail. It also tries to show the logical transition of the previous treatment methods to CBT. For the purpose of this paper it is better to start from the medieval time where the modern psychological treatment started. M any writers would claim that the contemporary psychology and psychological treatment has its beginning from Sigmund Freuds and post Freudian psychoanalysis movement. However, it is equ ally correct to appreciate the legacy of Franz Anton Mesmer(1734-1815) who should be credited for introducing the Hypnosis, the evolution and development of which lies the unlocking of the mysteries of a unifying theory of all therapy and healing (Franz Anton Mesmer believed that illness is caused by an imbalance of magnetic fluids in the body that can be corrected through animal magnetism. He asserted that the hypnotists make personal magnetism can be transferred to a patient Tommy Hanchen, (2009). Mesmer contributed to psychology in various ways firstly, by revealing that illne... ...cticing RET. Ellis further says in this book that he is considered to be the father of RET and the grandfather of CBT. However, evidences show that any single therapeutic technique cant be accountable for t he generation of CBT In conclusion therefore, CBT as the modern therapeutic method, was as a result of several developments that activities within clinical psychology and laboratory experiments cosmos faced with that led to advent of techniques such as cognitive therapy. have evolved from the start of the modern psychological treatment method by Mesmer who developed the hypnosis and the conception of suggestibility that follows. We can now see that the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy encompasses different techniques that it received from previous generations of treatment. Similar development also brought Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive Therapy together.

Behavioral Therapy Essay -- Psychology, Illness, Hypnosis , Pain

Most contemporary psychological treatment approaches are predecessors of the ancient and medieval philosophies and theories. cognitive behavioural therapy as one of the modern treatment order in not an independently formed treatment, different theories have contributed to its present shape and application. The suggest of this report card is analysing the contributing treatment approaches that resulted in the emergence of the doingsal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). The paper presents and analyses the contributions that antecedent psychological treatment methods made in culminating the CBT. To this end, the paper presents the main treatment methods that are assumed to be most important and analyse their main arguments in detail. It also tries to show the logical transition of the previous treatment methods to CBT. For the purpose of this paper it is better to start from the medieval time where the modern psychological treatment started. Many writers would claim that the contemporary psychology and psychological treatment has its beginning from Sigmund Freuds and post Freudian psychoanalysis movement. However, it is equally correct to appreciate the legacy of Franz Anton Mesmer(1734-1815) who should be credited for introducing the Hypnosis, the evolution and development of which lies the unlocking of the mysteries of a unifying theory of all therapy and healing (Franz Anton Mesmer believed that illness is caused by an imbalance of magnetic fluids in the body that green goddess be corrected through beast magnetism. He asserted that the hypnotists own personal magnetism can be transferred to a patient Tommy Hanchen, (2009). Mesmer contributed to psychology in various ways firstly, by uncover that illne... ...cticing RET. Ellis further says in this book that he is considered to be the father of RET and the grandfather of CBT. However, evidences show that any single therapeutic technique cant be responsible for the generatio n of CBT In conclusion therefore, CBT as the modern therapeutic method, was as a result of several developments that activities within clinical psychology and laboratory experiments being faced with that led to advent of techniques such as cognitive therapy. have evolved from the start of the modern psychological treatment method by Mesmer who developed the hypnosis and the concept of suggestibility that follows. We can now see that the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy encompasses different techniques that it received from previous generations of treatment. Similar development also brought Behaviour Therapy and Cognitive Therapy together.

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Speech Essay

Abraham Lincoln begins his second inaugural speech on March 4, 1865, in which he addresses the nation on the ongoing polished fight and his high hopes to unite the nation once again under God. Lincoln began his speech by saying that the war has taken so much time and energy out of the country and that there is no film to report on it. He declares himself an equal with the public and says he has also felt the wars effects. The progress of our armsis as well known to the public as to myself.He states that he isnt going to attempt to promise the war but he expresses his hopes for the future and encourages the public to be optimistic as well. Lincoln looks back four years prior to his first inaugural address. He says we were all awaiting a civil war but were hoping to stop it and save the Union. However, insurgent agents hoped to divide the Union. Lincoln says one party would make the war and the other would accept it.PARAPHRASEToday is the second time I am addressing the nation as your president. I no longer see the need to have a drawn out speech, rather I hope to eventually unite us as a country again and assistance rebuild our future. We all know how the war has played out and there is no reason for me to further discuss it. The war is coming to a keep out but the outcome is still a mystery. Today is a time to come together and look ahead towards our hopeful future as a nation. At this time, four years ago, all efforts were on controlling the oncoming civil war. The war seemed a necessity at the time in several(prenominal) American eyes and attempts to start a national tragedy were achieved without much hesitancy by opposing parties. No negotiations would resolve the issues so a civil war did come.

Repression of War Experience

Personification in Siegfried Sassoons Repression of War Experience After contendtime, sol lastrs can resist from not only physical injuries, but from psychological damage as well. They become victims of PTSD, or Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, which, according to Medicinenet. com, is an emotional illness that develops as a result of a terribly frightening, life-threatening, or otherwise highly unsafe experience. Considering the horrors that these soldiers be witnesses to, it is no wonder that PTSD can overcome them.In Siegfried Sassoons poem, Repression of War Experience, Sassoon uses incarnation to emphasize the psychological damage sustained by soldiers after war. In the first two lines of the poem, Sassoon starts off by painting a rather grim picture. He begins lighting candles and pauses to watch a moth, which he then describes to the contributor. He finds it ridiculous that it flies toward the candle even though its headed right for the flame and will end up dying. He expr esses this thought by commenting on, What silly beggars they are to blunder in, /And scorch their wings with glory, liquid flame (lines 2-3).Of course, moths are not beggars they are not poor citizens, but Sassoon uses avatar to further develop the moths behavior. These lines imply that moths beg for their deaths by flying toward the flame of the candle, just as soldiers beg for their deaths by signing up to fight. Moths are drawn to the flame of a candle because of the light, but do not realize that they are headed towards their death. Perhaps soldiers are attracted to war in the same waythey are tempted by the false promise of glory and honor for their countrybut unknowingly march toward their own deaths as well.Sassoon links both moth and man by making such comparisons, and suggesting that both end up embracing death. Further along in the poem, and this is a genuinely short part of the poem, indeed, Sassoon comments on the rain and asks, Why wont it rain? (line 12). Without wa rning as to why he does so, Sassoon changes topic and says, Books what a jolly company they are, /standing(a) so appease and patient on their shelves (lines 16-17). One can guess as to why he suddenly goes off about bookshe cannot succumb any re lookers of war, and desperately tries to keep his mind occupied with the things he sees around him.The mentioning of books being a jolly company indicates that Sassoon is alone and perhaps has just a a few(prenominal) objects with him in his room. It is strange to address books as though they are people or companions, as if they can carry a conversation. Sassoon then develops this curious view further by commenting on how the books are Dressed in dim brown, and black, and white, and green (line 18). Perhaps this is another accidental reference to war because it hints at the soldiers camouflage-colored uniforms of green and dim brown but one cannot be sure.In regard to the books standing so quiet and patient it is true that books can stan d on their own, perhaps on a shelf or a desk, but how can they be patient? Books cannot feel anything, nor can they have opinions. This personification suggests that Sassoons mind is slowly moving away from clear thought and logic, and that war has negatively affected his mental state. Sassoon continues comparing normal everyday sights to living things. He writes that in the breathless air outside the house, /The garden waits for something that delays (lines 26-27). The comment of the breathless air is again, strange.Air cannot be breathless because it does not breathe. Only people and animals breathe air, and without it, they will die within minutes. However, during a war, poison gas is often released into the sky, making it impossible for soldiers to breathe properly. Such attacks were especi everyy common in World War I, which Sassoon fought in from 1914 to the end of the war in 1918. His line was most likely a reference to the poison-filled air in which no one could breathe. In the last few lines of the poem, Sassoon has failed to completely ignore thoughts of war thus far, for he says that Youd never think there was a bloody war going on (line 34). He abandons all attempts to repress his memories and continues his monologue about Those whispering guns (line 37). Obviously, guns cannot speak, and strangely, Sassoon writes that they whisper rather than yell or scream.The latter would be more sensible, considering that there are no quiet gun attacks. However, the description of the hushed weapons suggests (even further) that Sassoon is haunted by his memories, perhaps every night, and can never fully forget them. He himself seems to lose control of tremendous thoughts (mentioned in line 7, in which Sassoon pities those oldiers who cannot repress their memories) and again, seems unable to distract himself with what he sees around him, as he had done throughout the entire poem until this point. He makes the exclamation of O Christ, I want to go out, /And scre ech at them to go (lines 37-38). At this point, Sassoon has indeed lost control of himself and wants to scream at the guns to stop firing. Guns do not fire by themselves, nor can they fight a war without soldiers pointing the gunsSassoon would have to screech at the soldiers to stop fightingbut this personification of the weapons further emphasize the psychological damage from which he suffers.Personification is a major literary element in Repression of War Experience, and it lets the reader understand just how psychologically wounded Sassoon has become. His comparisons range from moths to books to guns, and he jumps from subject to subject in order to show Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. His various personified objects are scattered throughout the poem, and they allow the reader to truly understand how he has suffered from his experience at war.

Continuity and Change in Chinese Nationalist Ideology World War I to Present Essay

Since the beginning of the First World War to the present, nationalist ideology within china has caused change and continuity in some(prenominal) aspects of this nations society. One major change in chinaware from the First World War to the present is its foreign relations with other countries delinquent to factors such as communism and neocolonialism. Although China has changed in this way, it has remained one united nation despite foreign invasion and other internal/external conflicts. In the early 1900s, China was a state of continual civic and revolutionary unrest.As support for revolutionary efforts began to facing pages, China shifted from a monarchy to a republic. However, this rule didnt last long as warlords within the nation began establishing themselves as regional or provincial rulers. This helped lead to the deterioration of Chinese society. Another factor star away from a centralized state was fragmented relations with foreign powers. Since the 1900s, a network of foreign control over the Chinese economy had been accomplished by the unequal treaties, which effectively prevented economic development within China.These treaties and other concessions permitted foreigners to intervene in Chinese society and not control the state, but bollix up its sovereignty. After the First World War, patriotism began to develop rapidly in China. China eagerly looked to the U. S. government to support the elimination of the treaty systems and the full take of Chinese sovereignty. However, when the U. S. approved increasing Japanese interference in China, this sparked the May Fourth Movement. Chinese people protested Japanese interference and began to re-establish national unity.As China began shifting from a divided sphere of influence to a dominant adult male power, it also became more influenced by communism. During the Second World War, the majority of relate to combat communism was in the Soviet Union. While this was taking place we, the U. S. , negle cted to aid the efforts of Jiang Jieshi, who sought to unify the nation of China and bring the conflicts of nationalism and communism to an end. In his place, Jiang Jieshi leaves behind a void of power. Communist leader, Mao Zedong stepped up to fill this void.He like many other rulers in China used the Mandate of Heaven to justify his rise to power and take control of China. In 1949, Mao started the Red Revolution, a revolutionary effort to spread communism in China. Communism soon overpowered the nationalist party as the main ruling party. Mao also aimed to make China a self-reliant, separate nation. However in doing so, China could not economically support itself or its communist views. In the 1970s the Peoples Republic of China began large, al-Qaida economic reforms forcing the country to become one of the most capitalistic nations in the world.China quickly added itself to the global economy by opening its borders to the trade of sundry(a) nations. China soon became the econ omic power that it is today and despite all the turmoil that has occurred from the First World War to the present, China has remained one united nation. From the historical to the present, the ideology behind Chinese nationalism has been in a constant state of change. The shift in government and foreign relations throughout the world has been a major source of Chinas nationalism. Although these foreign relations are constantly changing, China has remained a unified nation.

Age of Imperialism

Imperialism (18501914) * Imperial refers to * Empire * Royalty * Extending powers * Age of Imperialism(http//www. smplanet. com/teaching/imperialism/SAW1) * briny Events * 1823 Monroe Doctrine reflected special U. S. interest in Americas * 1850 European job with Africa becomes well established * 1852 Napoleon III (Louis Napoleon) professional personclaimed himself emperor of France * 1869Suez Canal opens (Egypt) 1871Bismark unblemished unification of Ger existence Empire * 18841885Berlin Congress sets rules for African colonization * 1898 * united States acquired Philippines, annexed Hawaii * United States won Spanish-American War * 1899Boer War began in South Africa * 1910 Mexican Revolution began * 1914 * Most of Africa is under European control * World War I began * 1918World War I ended IndustrialismImperialismNationalism Industrialism * Profit maximisation England Factory system * Resources from colonies * Mass production goods = sell & export to the colonies * Profit maximi zation * Industrialization stirred ambitions in many European countries * Competed new markets for declare goods * Saw Africa as a source for materials and a market * Colonial power seized lots of areas in Africa during the 19th and 20th centuries * Imperialism * Colonization * World market * England as the world power in the 1820s. * Power World standing the sun never sets on the England Empire * Usu onlyy through military superpower and some propagation economics * Seizure of a dirt by a stronger country * * Throughout out most Africa, stronger countries dominated in many areas * * Europeans disregard the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city-states * * African nations continue to fell the effects of the colonial presence more than 100 years later * Europeans established colonies. * 1823Monroe Doctrine A reaction to the independence Latin America+ Mexico+Central America * * After 1823, only Bolivia is still under spanish control * It fightned European nations that continuing to be in the Americas is going to be seen as an act of aggression * Claimed to help the Latin Americas, entirely it actu solelyy restrained and threatened them to follow rules from the United States * The United Stateshad the right to intervene problems in the western hemisphere * White Mans Burden * Nationalism and social Darwinism Racist patronizing that preached that superior Westerners had an obligation to bring their cultivation to uncivilized people in other pars of the world * Germany and Russia especially used imperialistic drives to divert popular attention from the class struggle at sept and to create a false sense of national unity. Causes of Imperialism * Nationalism * British colonized Canada, Australia, spick-and-span Zealand, Ireland * Colonists wanted their freedom (1800s) * To gain power, European nations compete for colonies and traffic * European Migration Between 1815 and 1932 more than 60 million people left Europe * Migrants went primaril y to European inhabited areas * North and South America * Australia * unfermented Zealand * Siberia * European migration provided further impetus for Western expansion (Westernization) * More were poor from rural areas, though seldom from the poorest classes (due to oppressive land policies) * Economic Competition * try for new markets and raw materials * Missionary works * more successful in African and Asian areas Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world * New military and naval bases to protect ones interests against other European powers * British concerned by French and German land grabs in 1880s * might seal off their empires with high tariffs and restrictions * future economic opportunities might be lost * Increases tensions between the haves (British Empire) and the have nots (Germany & Italy) who came in latte to the Imperialist * Dr. David Livingston 1st white man to do humanitarian and religious work in south and central Africa Old & Ne w Imperialism * Europes influence continue to expand in the 19th century, and for all the same old reasons * European imperialism became global in nature, with Britain the world leader (The sun never sets on the British Empire) * Contradictory Many European nations explored nationalism, liberalism * Old Imperialism * 15th 16th century * Didnt penetrate into Africa or Asia * No substantial influences on lives of people European powers did not usually acquire territory except for Spain in Americas and Portugal in Brazil, but rather built a series of trading stations * Respected and frequently cooperated with local anaesthetic rulers in India, china, Japan, Indonesia, another(prenominal) areas where trade flourished between locals and european coastal trading centers * New Imperialism * A policy in which one country seeks to spread over its authority by hold other countries or by establishing economic and political dominance everywhere other countries. European nations conquers wi th armies * New military and naval bases to protect their interest * facts of life taxes to restrain land grab * 18th 19th century * Influences over economic, political and socials lives of people * People were used to benefit the European economies * Forms of Imperialism * Colony * A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power * Protectorate * A country of territory with its own internal organisation but under the control of an outside power * Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges * Economic Imperialism * An in open but less-developed country controlled by private business interest tauter than other establishments Imperial Management Methods * Indirect Control * Local government officials used * Limited self-rule * Develop future leaders * government activity institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules * Direct Control * Foreign officials brought in to rule * No self-rule P aternalism Europeans governed people in a parietal way by providing for their needs but not giving them rights * Assimilation based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French * Government institutions are based only on European style * Legacy of Colonial Rule * Positive * Colonization * Europeans control lands and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America * Reduced local fightfare (variety in ethnic groups) * Humanitarians provided schools and hospitals (better living conditions) * Colonial Economics Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies * African products came to be valued on international market * Christianization * Christianity spreads to Africa, India and Asia * Negative * Africa lost its independence and its land * Contempt for the traditional culture and admiration of European life undermined stable societies and caused identity problems for Africans * Division of African continent * created problems that plagued African colonies during European occupation Africa 1880Europeans controlled 10% of Africa (mainly on the coast) * Scramble for African Territory because of the discoveries of diamonds in South Africa * By 1914Europeans controlled all Africaexcept Liberia and Ethiopia * late 1860s Congo Sparks Interest * David Livingstone traveled with a group of Africans to central Africa to promote Christianity * 1871Henry Stanleyfound Livingston (whom westerners theory to be dead) * his newspaper reports created European interest in Africa * Stanley sought aid of king of Belgium to dominate the Congo region. 1879 1882Stanley signed treaties with local chief of the Congo River vale * Gave King Leopold II of Belgium the control of these lands * He claimed that his motive in establishing colony was to abolish the slavery and promote Christianity * But he exploited Africans brutally (collect tire from rubber plants) * At least 10 million Congolese d ied due to his abuses * 1908Belgian Government took over power of the colony * Belgian Congo (80 times larger than Belgium) This action alarmed France * Soon Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain claimed parts of Africa * Berlin Conference * 18841885 * 14 European Nations established the rules for conquest of Africa * PAPER PARTITION * Sponsored by Bismarck & Jules ferryboat * Sought to precent conflict over imperialism * Coincided with Germans rise as an imperial power * Agreed to stop slavery and slave trade in Africa * No African rulers were invited to attend these meetings * Factors promoting Imperialism in Africa European technical superiority * 1884Maxim Gun (worlds 1st auto machine gun) * Invention of steam-boat, made it easy to travel (for Europeans) * pliable to malaria (disease carries by dense swarms of mosquitoes in Africas interior * 1829perfection of drug protected Europeans from malaria * Various languages and cultures in Africa * Discouraged the unity in Afric a * Africans, Dutch and BritishClashed over South Africa for resources and lands * Zulus & British * 1816Shaka, a Zulu chief created a large centralized state by isciplined warriors and good military organization * 1879Zulu king Cetshwayo refused to dismiss the Zulu phalanx * Not accepting British Rules * British invaded Zulu nation * July 1879Battle of Ulundi * The Zulus lost the Battle and their Kingdom * 1887Under British control * Boers & British in mantel * 1st Europeans settle in South Africa were the Dutch * 1625Dutch came to the Cape of Good Hope * established way station for sailing between Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands * Those Dutch settlers were known as theBoers 1880sBritish took over the Cape Colony PERMANENTLY * Boers clashed over British policy (land & slaves) * 1830sGreat travel * Boers moved to North in order to escape the British African Colonization & Independence * 1884Western leaders met to divide Africa into colonial holdings * 1914nearly all of Afri ca is under European controls * European imperial powers set national borders in Afirca without regard for local ethnic or political divisions 1898 Fashoda Incident * France & Britain nearly went to war over Sudan France backed down in the face of the Dreyfus Affair * Wanted to connect Cape to Cairo by railroads 1899 1902 The Boer War (South Africa War) * Boers blamed British delivery the outsiders into Africa (for minerals diamonds and gold) * 1st modern total war * British countered by burning Boer lands and imprisoning women and children * Black South Africans were involved in the war * British won * 1910Boer republics conjugate Union of South Africa, which was controlled by the British * Cecil Rhodes * Prime Minister of Cape Colony Principal sponsor of the Cape-to-Cairo (British wanted to control over the continent) * Rhodes wanted to extend his influence there after the diamonds and gold were discovered in the Transvaal but rein controlled by Boers (Dutch settlers) * Kruger Telegram (1902) * Kaiser Wilhelm II (starter of WWI) * Congratulated Boers on defeating British invaders without need of German assistance * Anger swept through Britain and targeted at Germany Asia 1898 Spanish-American War * Mid-1890s the United States had developed substantial business holdings in Cuba. It had an economic stake in the heap of the country. * Objected to the Spanish brutality. * Helped Cuban war for independence. * Lasted about four months. * U. S. forces launched their first attack not on Cuba but on the Philippine Islands * Unprepared for a war on two fronts, the Spanish military quickly collapsed. * U. S. defeated Spain (took Philippines, Guam, Hawaii & Cuba) * 1901 Cuba became an independent nation * BUT United States installed a military government and continued to exert control over Cuban affairs. - caused tensions * American had become the dominate imperial power in Latin America 1898 1901 Boxer Rebellion * Anti-foreign pro to nationalist movement by the Ri ghteous Harmony in China * Took place against a background of serious drought and economic disruption in response to foreign influence * Opposing Imperialism and Christianity from the foreigners * June 20thA German minister stationed in China (Klemens Freiferr von Kettler) represented various countries going zongli yamen and demanded protection, is ambushed by the neaten soldier on the way * Led to war 904 1905 Russo-Japanese War * Sino-Japanese War * Japanese Victory, China lost Manchuria * 1903They had a war over Manchuria * Japan claimed they ordain recognize the right of Russian in Manchuria if Russian stayed out of Korea. Russian refused * Japan launched a surprise attaching on Russian ships at Manchuria, which this action resulted in Russo-Japanese War

Descartes Notion of the Mind/Body Problem in Relation to Free Will

Descartes nonion of the intellectual/ clay problem in relation to publish Will Descartes took an extreme skeptical position by asking, What is impossible to doubt, even when trying to intend that everything is false? His answer was I think, therefore I am which is Descartes most famous one-liner and is the one that explicates his go steadying of the dualism argument. The term dualism has a variety of uses in the history of thought. In general, the idea is that, for some particular do chief(prenominal), there be two fundamental kinds or categories of things or principles.In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical or mind and dust ar, in some grit, radically divers(prenominal) kinds of thing. The main discussion close to dualism tends to start from the assumption of the reality of a physical world, and and then ways of considering arguments for why the mind wad non be treated as simply part of that physical world. According to subst ance dualism, our minds and our bodies argon two limpid substances capable of existing apart.Descartes substance dualism was based in the belief that the domain consisted of two different kinds of substances that he called res extensa (physical things) and res cogitans (thinking things). In different words, the essence of mind is thought while the essence of body is extension. This belief as well leads to his assumption that Free Will is self-evident. In other words, if one is capable of doubting the creation of things learned through experience even when some of these whitethorn be true, then it is obvious that we have the freedom to disbelieve, thus free will.The full argument can be broken down into seven step (1) if I can clearly and distinctly perceive something, then divinity fudge starts something that exists that corresponding to my clear and distinct perception, otherwise God would be a deceiver. (2) If I can clearly and distinctly perceive X and Y as complete thin gs whose principal attri neverthelesses exclude each other, then God can make X and Y exist apart from each other. (3) If X and Y can exist apart from each other (whether or not they sincerely do) then they are really distinct. 4) I can clearly and distinctly perceive mind as a complete thing to which extension does not pertain. (5) I can clearly and distinctly perceive body as a complete thing to which thought does not pertain. (6) Therefore, God could bring it about that mind and body exist apart from each other. (7) Therefore, mind and body are really distinct (SparkNotes Editors). This argument is clearly understandable when we separate it as is shown at the previous line.In overall, what is most important to remember about the argument is if I am able to perceive is because I exist, if I exist a divine being must had created this thought on my mind, which would imply, that God make me able of perceiving mind and body as two completely separate substances If God allows me to pe rceive this two things separate, then it must be truth that mind and body exist apart from each other. The problem for Descartes is two-fold. First, if worlds are free, then that which is free is not subject to the laws of physics or res-extensa like Descartes called the term.By definition all physical things are subject to the laws of physics. When we contrast these conditions of physical laws, and we are lecture about the mind, it fails. The mind which is described as the source of will, must be distinct from the body and must not be physical in the pictorial world. In other words, the presence of a mind allows human beings to transcend their physical bodies and be free. However, we need to be aware that even is Descartes is claimed this separation of substances, he recognizes that the mind is affected by the body in certain special way.He would argue this by explaining the religious concept of the intelligence. Descartes complicates the simplistic notion of mind-body by intro ducing spirit as part of mindful awareness. This whole argument would turn from mind-body problem to Mind, Body and Soul. The problem is that the strong attributes of the mind/body combine tend to deposit the attributes of the soul. The soul moves and feels in the body directly. The pineal gland allows the mind and body to interact said Descartes, which was levyn wrong lately. Descartes such as many other philosophers was a believer of the soul.Plato for example, argued that, as the body is from the material world, the soul is from the world of ideas and is thus immortal. He believed the soul was temporarily united with the body and would only be separated at death, when it would return to the world of Forms. Since the soul does not exist in time and pose, as the body does, it can access universal truths. For Plato, ideas are the true reality, and are experienced by the soul. The body is for Plato empty in that it cannot access the abstract reality of the world it can only expe rience shadows.Aristotle, said, It is not necessary to ask whether soul and body are one, just as it is not necessary to ask whether the wax and its shape are one, nor generally whether the outcome of each thing and that of which it is the matter are one. For even if one and being are spoken of in several ways, what is properly so spoken of is the actuality in overall, the soul is a property exhibited by the body, one among many. Moreover, Aristotle proposed that when the body perishes, so does the soul, just as the shape of a building block disappears with destruction of the block.On the other hand, Descartes said, My view is that this gland is the principal seat of the soul, and the place in which all our thoughts are formed. This previous sentence definitely proves Descartes belief in the human soul and his fright of understanding it and explains it thru his works at the same time. Descartes conclude his argument saying that Since we can clearly and distinctly perceive of mind without body and of body without mind, God can bring it about that mind can exist without body and body without mind. In other words, they are really distinct- Rene Descartes.Now, that we understand the mind-body argument from Descartes perspective, we can explain how he cerebrates these two substances with the ability every human being free will. After the Scholastics, Descartes takes the conception of will and affirmed that the main ability of the mind is the ability of free will. In other words, for Descartes the essence of the mind consists of thought. Now, we found that the main focus of the argument is not the mind body argument, but the significance that Descartes gives to free will in his work. First thing, is to understand the significance and real purpose of the will.The wills practical function consist in scrap the passions which means that we are literally able to control any action that we do, because we have freedom of choice. The argument here would be that the will is just the mind in its active capacity so the functioning of all mental faculties (intellect, imagination, memory, and sense perception) are pendent on the will (Ferguson). I truly believe that studying and understanding Descartes study of the will would resolve many of the gaps that philosopher had left on the way.Finally, we have got to the major argument of the paper that is explained how Descartes argument of mind-body is strictly relate with humans free will. Everything begins with the claim made by Descartes in his Meditation II, in which he affirms that unforced, affirming, and denying is what gave us absolute freedom. Whenever we are aware of something, we are willing something, simple as that. Descartes concept of will is very cautious and quite interesting if one put himself of herself to understanding it.To explain this, Descartes begin by explain what is the intellect and how it relate and differ from the concept of will. Descartes complex treatment of freedom is due to the complexity of the subject matter, which even with it difficulties it is pretty cogent and interesting. For Descartes, the will (which implies freedom) is dependent on the intellect for its functioning. In other words, without an idea there is nothing in which we can take a stand. Willing is just nothing but a way of thinking will is dateless, while intellect is finite.The intellect is finite and limited because there are varying degrees at which perceptions and understanding can function. For example, some of us have extremely analysis ability while other can just do simple understanding. The will, on the other hand, is infinite because its efficacy is not a matter of degree. My ability of having free will, make me able to affirm or deny any proposition put to me by my intellect alone. From Descartes perspective, God has given us a will which has no limits and that can be dependent. Believe or not the will and the intellect are interacting most of the time.This is why Desca rtes emphasizes the unity of the mind as the faculty of knowledge which he called pure intellect. However, the main focus is the interaction of the will with the soul on the one hand, and with the body, on the other. In conclusion, Descartes presented us a mind body problem from a Christian perspective, which had a purpose of affirmed the existence of the two substances, res-extensa and res cogitans completely separate from each other. To explain this, He described the mind as the source of will that must be distinct from the body and the physical world.We cannot will anything without understanding what are we willing and if we get a little deep into this thought is quite easy to make sense to it. We cannot leave behind either that Descartes, showed a strong concern to show his belief in the human soul while he would try to prove the existence of God, and even of himself. This would turn the whole argument to Mind, Body and soul, which is the real Christian perspective. In overall, he claimed that soul cannot exist in time and space and that the attributes of the mind-body combine are the one that truly determine the attributes of the soul.Descartes began his explanation of the concept of will by affirming that the main ability of the mind is the ability of free will. Will, in other words, is the whole mind in its active capacity. To support this statement Descartes used many concepts in relation that in his theory, they all work unitedly to make free will happen. By having theorical functions, practical functions, actions caused by the soul, and a strong direct relation with the mind-body problem, I truly believe that Descartes purpose of explaining his concern of the concept of will was well clearly done. Work CitedMihali, Andreea. Descartes Concept of Will. Wilfrid Laurier University (Canada), 2007. Canada ProQuest. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. Ferguson, Christopher J. Free Will An Automatic Response. American Psychologist 55. 7 (2000) 762-763. PsycARTICLES. Web. 12 Apr. 2013. SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on Principles of Philosophy. SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. n. d.. Web. 14 Mar. 2013. Marias, Julian. History of Philosophy. New York Dover Publications Inc. , 196721. 210-222. Print. Angeles, Peter. The Harper Collins Dictionary Philosphy. 2nd. United States Harper Collins Publishers, Print.

Short story “Everyday Use”

In her short story Everyday practice session, Alice Walker takes up what is a recurrent theme in her throw the representation of the harmony as well as the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. Everyday Use focuses on an impinge on between members of the rural Johnson family. This encounterwhich takes role when Dee (the only member of the family to receive a formal education) and her male companion return to visit Dees mother and younger sister Maggieis essentially an encounter between two different interpretations of, or approaches to, African-American culture.Walker employs characterization and symbolism to highlight the difference between these interpretations and ultimately to uphold one of them, covering that culture and heritage are parts of daily life. The opening of the story is largely involved in characterizing Mrs. Johnson, Dees mother and the storys narrator. more specifically, Mrs. Johnsons language points to a certain relationship between hers elf and her corporal surroundings she waits for Dee in the yard that Maggie and I made so clean and wavelike (88).The emphasis on the physical characteristics of the yard, the pleasure in it manifested by the word so, points to the attachment that she and Maggie have to their photographic plate and to the everyday practice of their lives. The yard, in fact, is not except a yard. It is like an extended living room (71), confirming that it exists for her not only as an object of property, but also as the place of her life, as a sort of expression of herself.Her description of herself likewise shows a familiarity and comfort with her surroundings and with herself she is a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands (72)in other words, she knows the worldly concern of her body and accepts it, even finding comfort (both physical and psychological) in the way that her fat keeps her hot in zero weather (72). Mrs. Johnson is fundamentally at property with herself she accepts w ho she is, and thus, Walker implies, where she stands in relation to her culture.Mrs. Johnsons daughter Maggie is described as rather unattractive and shy the scars she bears on her body have likewise scar her soul, and, as a result, she is retiring, even frightened. Mrs. Johnson admits, in a loving manner, that like good looks and money, quickness passed her by (73). She stumbles as she reads, but clearly Mrs. Johnson thinks of her as a sweet person, a daughter with whom she can sing songs at church. Most importantly, however, Maggie is, like her mother, at home in er traditions, and she honors the memory of her ancestors for example, she is the daughter in the family who has learned how to quilt from her grandmother. Dee, however, is virtually Maggies opposite. She is characterized by good looks, ambition, and education (Mrs. Johnson, we are told, collects money at her church so that Dee can attend school). Dees education has been extremely important in forging her character, but at the equivalent time it has split her off from her family.Mamma says, She used to read to us without pity forcing words, lies, other folks habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice (73). Dee, in other words, has moved towards other traditions that go against the traditions and heritage of her own family she is on a quest to link herself to her African roots and has changed her name to Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo.In doing so, in attempting to recover her ancient roots, she has at the same time denied, or at least refused to accept, her more immediate heritage, the heritage that her mother and sister share. The actions Walkers characters take, as well as their physical attributes, are symbolic of their relation to their culture. Dees male companion, for example, has taken a Muslim name and now refuses to eat pork and collard greens, thus refusing to take part in the traditional African-American culture. Mrs.Johnson, meanwhile, has man-working hands and can kill a hog as mercilessly as a man (72) clearly this incident is meant to indicate a rough life, with great exposure to work. Symbolic meaning can also be found in Maggies skin her scars are literally the inscriptions upon her body of the ruthless journey of life. Most obviouslyand most importantlythe quilts that Mrs. Johnson has promised to give Maggie when she marries are highly symbolic, representing the Johnsons traditions and cultural heritage.These quilts were pieced by Grandma Dee and thus Big Dee (76), both figures in family history who, unlike the present Dee, took charge in teaching their culture and heritage to their offspring. The quilts themselves are made up of fragments of history, of junk of dresses, shirts, and uniforms, each of which represents those people who forged the familys culture, its heritage, and its values. Most importantly, however, these fragments of the past are not simply representations in the sense of art objects they are not upst age from daily life.What is most crucial about these quiltsand what Dee does not understandis that they are made up of daily life, from materials that were lived in. This, in essence, is the central point of Everyday Use that the cultivation and maintenance of its heritage are necessary to each social groups self-identification, but that also this process, in order to succeed, to be real, must be part of peoples use every day. After all, what is culture but what is home to us, just as Mrs. Johnsons yard is home to her.

Behaviorism cognitivism and constructivism Essay

Behaviorism, cognitivism and constructivismIntroduction All through history, education and philosophy have get it on out as ever-evolving pieces of disciplines that are not solo inter uniteed, but also drivers of individually opposite. This is because education involves the work at of passing down information from one source to slightly different person who will receive it. The focussing the knowledge or piece of information by the recipient or learner and the informant or teacher, forms the rudimentary features of the performance of education and its overall effect on the society. In addition, there is evidence of numerous factions of educational disciplines that exist in the field and each requires a particular way or method of doing things. Natural sciences, biological sciences, social sciences, adult maleities and many other areas of educational development that split from the mainstream disciplines as hearty as those that are discovered on a day to day basis in th e continued development of ways to not only make education much easier, but also make the underlying mental and conductal cases. On the other hand, without philosophy, it is arguably deducible that education and knowledge would not be in existences today. Practically, education and learning is one of the most important aspects of human life whose absence is an imagin able-bodied. Apparently, it is the historical and the proceeding developments and transformations of the philosophical concepts that fabricate the kind of processes, developments as well as out necks involved in education.The link between education, theories and philosophies It is in this light that the study of the concepts of structuralism, constructivism, functionalism and the modern behaviorism and cognitivism leads to the understanding that these philosophical as well as empirical studies on educational and learning concepts brings nearly the result that there has been a progressive development and logical ins talment of events in the philosophies which in turn end up bringing about a difference in the understanding of the elements of learning in educations. As such, this news wallpaper publisher seeks to look deep into the prefatory definitions, concepts and effects of the cognitivism, behaviorism and constructivism. The process of this in-depth analysis is based on the basic players involved and the experiments that have been conducted as well as the other ones, which have the capableness to prove the association of the elements. From the historical arenas of education processes to the modern conduction of education of various disciplines including aviation, it is possible for a well-crafted idea, full of sound data and logical relations and linking can be presented to bring about the achievement of this objective. In the end, it will be a requirement to join the dots that link these three concepts in such a way that the timeline and concept of use be made evident. With a broad look at each of the issues, the paper seeks to delve into the development and thus, delve into the proof that all these philosophies come about as a way of filling a loophole found in another or as a complimentary form of mitigation (Buckley, 1989).Behaviorism Prior to delving into the aspect of behaviorism, it is important to get in touch with the events and concepts that were developed way before this concept and how they have had an lure on the speed as well as the stepping stones for the procession to the eventual use of behaviorism as a way of discerning what happens and goes on in the learning and development process in education. The concepts of structuralism and functionalism have come out as being the learn movers and shakers in this process (Kitchener & ODonohue, 1999). For instance, the schools of purpose bring out issues that are different but complimentary to each other such that one phenomenon in one is explained or illustrated by a concept in another. Structuralism is based on the basic nature of all that is in existence and how the basic and smallest particles of material such as atoms act in order to create a particular effect. In psychology therefore, this concept is use as a way of finding and understanding the internal processes of the mind as a way of knowing the human mental processes from the structural point of view. Functionalism, on the other hand, is a concept that seeks to come out with the principles of understanding the functional aspect of consciousness away from the structural perspective (Watson, 2008). It is from the foundations of the philosophers of the past who came up with experiments and concepts of structuralism and functionalism that the cerebration process of creating behaviorism concepts. Having been first brought forth by the John Watson in the early 1900s, a plethora of written materials supported the idea that the study of behavior with a concentration on the extents to which the processes of actions and response come about are can be used to understand such concepts as those that influence human behavior (Kitchener & ODonohue, 1999). Basically, this concept has its key focus on the two-way understanding of the multifaceted relation between a stimulus and a reply to it. It is the endeavor of a good psychologist to understand how a stimulus, which is a specific action, event, or sensation that an organism is subjected to, the response on the individual. On the other hand, for the reaction or response of the subject, it should be possible to understand type, or better still, the specific stimulus that is responsible for the response (Buckley, 1989). As a consequence of this, other affiliates and sub-branches of the conditioning and classical conditioning have come up as a result of myriads of empirical experiments. Thus, as Watson puts it, in a particular environments, well placed conditioned training as well as the little ascertain to phylogeny or potential, any individual organism is capab le of nice what they are expected, trained or conditioned to be (Watson, 2008).Cognitionism Whereas the concepts and principles of behaviorism have been used for a long time to come up with an understanding of the underlying and deep-seated issues in learning processes, there was need to understand the process of learning with the point of view that emanates from the study of the thought process, information processing and manipulation as well as the effects on learning. As such, from the early times of scientific and philosophical propositions, it is noted that the search of the understanding of the learning process is spotted with a spectra of footprints of scientists and scholars (Jahnke & Nowaczyk, 1998). Though they use a mixture of various earlier concepts, Charles Darwins evolution theory states that from the onset of existence of life, organisms have kaput(p) through changes within and without their species in a bid to participate equivalently in the competitive world of the survival for the fittest as well as Deweys spectral approach tend to agree on one thing that organisms and human beings undergo gradual development and depending on the environment, there are possible modifications that come about in order for the organism to better live in their environments. It is for this reason that all eyes then focused into the exploring the key influencer of consciousness and thought as well as the varying effects that come from it (Shettleworth, 2010). Through a number of experiments, it was found that the though process and what affects it, play an important division in determining the learning cogency, process and outcomes involved. Apparently, in as much as structuralism and functionalism come close to helping understand the internal process of learning they are just basic foundations and stepping stones towards the understanding of behavioural, cognitive as well as constructivism. This means that even though Watson puts it across that through beh avioral condition in a suitable environment, one can become whatever they are conditioned to be by learning, there are a few variations that can only be explained via the understanding of cognitive processes. Basically, it is a known fact that performance in assessment procedures and tests come out otherwise for different people. This is because there are a difference in the cognitive aspect of learning that is manifested in the motivation, age and level of intelligence, personality and other traits that influence an individuals ability to learn. It is also of importance in the understanding of the processes that bring about the differences between the reflective and the impulsive persons as well as turning the stones covering the facts about crystallized and liquid intelligence. One of the most outstanding aspects of cognitivism is the fact that it is related to treatment and not stimuli as in behavioral models. As such, visual effects in learning process, signs, classroom structu re, motivation and teaching methods are among the factors to consider when the subject is under study for the cognitive aspect of learning (Jahnke & Nowaczyk, 1998).Structuralism Notably observed as one of the most dominant forms of education theories that the modern arena of education is based, is presents itself as the latest used form of model by many. Constructivism is defined as the ability of the student or the learner to perceive a new piece of information, store it in the memory and add it to the already existing information in the memory such that the end result is a learning process that is composed of a knowledge based on various building blocks acquired over time. The student, having gone through experiences, read or learnt about the information prior to the current information learnt, is able to add up or relate the piece of information, makes a connection and derives a meaning or conclusion from it. As such, this method is seen as being one that links both the processe s of learning involving practical and theory. Through this, it is more possible to the learner than ever before, for the learner to fulfill the main portion of education to make a meaning of life and the thing that surround the human race (Shettleworth, 2010).Application in the aviation industry Logical conclude and actions that come as a result are of great importance in every working or professional environment. It is important to note that, some more than others, workforce environments require great precision, stability of the mind as well as accuracy of thought in the bid to bring about excellent completion of tasks or assignment. The aviation industry is one of such fields of work, which need great and well-regarded ways of doing things that will come out as evidently efficient and effective. It is for this reason that all involved in this process from their time of training and learning need to be percolated in terms of ability and mental acuity (Reed, 2007). Once this is do ne, all should be subjected to the widely ranging learning processes that are based on the models mentioned above. Through studying of the learning process with regard to behavior, spatial skills, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, ability to link pieces of information and fix a problem in the shortest time possible, it is possible to come out with fully scorched personnel for the field of work. Even though these methods of evaluating learning processes act as complimentary aspects of the others, it is important to note that many situations vary with what they demand from the person in charge. For this reason, subjection of the learning subject to each of them before evaluation of the ability to use all in combination is a vital idea for the potential personnel for the aviation industry. Moreover, it is through these educationally proven processes that ones abilities, limitations can be determined, and recommendations made as to the kind of departments in which one is able to fit in. Generally, these educational theories and philosophies have logically evolved over time in a bid to bring about advancements in the field of education and learning process (Reed, 2007).ReferencesBuckley, K. W. (1989).Mechanical man John Broadus Watson and the beginnings of behaviorism. New York Guilford Press.Jahnke, J. C., & Nowaczyk, R. H. (1998).Cognition. Upper Saddle River, N.J Prentice-Hall.ODonohue, W. T., & Kitchener, R. F. (1999).Handbook of behaviorism. San Diego, Calif Academic Press.Reed, S. K. (2007).Cognition Theory and applications. Australia Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.Shettleworth, S. J. (2010).Cognition, evolution, and behavior. Oxford Oxford University Press.Watson, J. B. (2008).Behaviorism. Tucson, Ariz.? West Press. writer document

A Language Killer Essay

It is undeniable that side expression is a regnant terminology. It is spoken in most part of the world especially in developed countries for instance the unify States, Great Britain, and Canada. This is an inescapable process of worldwideization, the process of extending social relations across world-space. Globalization authorises to the commonness of slope in several fields such as science, technology, economy, politic etc. The result of this is English distinguished the world and disregarding minority languages.That is why English language is often named as a grampus language that wipes out smaller languages and their cultures by exclusive use. The phenomenon of the exclusive use of English is caused by the berth of a person or a community toward English. This attitude cannot be directly observed, it can be seen from the expression of unequivocal or negative feeling toward it. This attitude may enable a language to grow and prosper or to decay and die.In this case, whil e English as a global language is growing, other minority languages ar dying. The prominent reason for English dominating the world is positive feeling of lectureers toward it which reflects in degree of importance, elegance, and social status. For instance in the degree of importance, English holds an important berth in education, technology, politic and economy. The speakers of it feel that it is important to be able to speak and understand English because a wide range of information is provided in English.Beside there is a common believe in countries where English is spoken as a second or foreign language that knowing English makes nation clever, to speak English is all we needed, when someone speaks English we think he is educated, when someone speaks English it creates a good impression for him, speaking English helps to get a job, stack who speak English feature more friends, people would like to be considered as a speaker of English, if they have children they want them to speak English, and they feel sorry for people who cannot speak English.I myself also feel the same ways. Those kinds of feeling lead English make a dominating language on earth. The consequence of this attitude is English as international language will spread widely. English becomes such a need which is required to be fulfilled in todays life. Everyone has to be able to understand English, both orally and written. patch this is happening, on the other parts of the world there are some less powerful languages which are trying to survive or even dead.Regarding to this phenomenon, UNESCO classifies languages as follows When the number of people speaking a language is actively growing, it is considered healthy. When children are no yearner taught a language, it is considered endangered. When a language is spoken by only if a handful of elderly people, it is considered moribund. When no one at all speaks a language as a first language, it is considered extinct. It is so sad to kno w that from thousands of languages on earth almost half of people of the world speak one of six dominant languages, English, Mandarin Chinese, Hindustani, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic.The other small languages are left behind. It is very important to preserve languages in terms of protecting any cultures. If it not, the world will become monotonous. Even if English language is very influential, we should maintain our identity, our nationality, that we have our own language that we can be proud of. Language will just die if the people will obviously no longer use it, but preserving it is one way of showing to the whole world how united we are as a nation because language is a keystone of culture.

How to Become a Successful Entrepreneur

Table of Contents Introduction in general people bring forward that an entrepreneur is a visionary, roughbody with great stems who is eager to draw off huge risks. all the same having a radical innovation from the nonhing is overwhelming but very rare. To be successful, it is essential to think contrastively from the casual thinkers. The aim of this paper is to show how we, a prove group of basketball team students could issue forth up with an estimate in an entrepreneurial representation and go through an elaboration process toward the realization using the theoretical frameworks.In the first circumstances I will describe how my group went through the idea generating process and found the idea of the CPH Bike SOS with the dish of the Design Thinking Method. Our multilateral service cheat has third pillars, each of them with the aim to answer the question W present lavatory we get help if we pretend whatever bother with our bike when the shops are closed? Living in Copenhagen, we have realized that there is a market gap on the service market of the bike shops. On the other hand, searching at the market segment, we are sure, that there is an unsatisfied need.The certify distinguish of the paper will focus on the theoretical framework of the dea. I will define the type of our innovation, after which I will sink about the type of the firm we should start to realize the idea, and therefore the focus will move to the required resources and collaborations we need to get the idea off to the market. At the end of my work, I will take a glance on what kind of the type of possibilities we have to be successful in the future and how to take aim the idea further. Generating ideas In this chapter I would like to describe our process of generating the idea.It is a really consequential differentiate of the task we were working on, since it explains how our group ent through a progress from the casual conclude to the effectual reasoning and so thought process on a more entrepreneurial way. In my team we are five girls, each of us are foreigners here in Denmark, and we have quite different fundamentgrounds. We had several(prenominal) difficulties to fix a creative idea to work on. On one hand the problem was the fact that we did not sleep together each other before, so there was an initial phase of trust- building. We had to familiarize with the situation to take on each others ideas.On the other hand, we realised that when we had an idea which was a direct solution to ome problems and so sightly the final step of an entire process. So we started the process again and again to get back to thinking out of the box. As point of departure we used the method implemented by IDEO. ( calculate 1) Figure Design Thinking Model of IDEO (Source of Image) Inspiration What is the problem? In the inspiration phase, we wanted to find as m whatever ideas as we could, to have a wider range. As mentioned, we did not know each other , and we did not know what could be the common interests, beget or problems.We used the Bird In The heap Principle to look into the facts what we have right there. As Sarasvathy sums it up, instead of having one solution and finding the way to reach it, we should take a step back and define the means which can lead us to a cheeseparing opportunity. So the first step was defining the framework in which we are searching for possibilities with the following three questions Who are we? We started to look through the features which describe us and so along which we can find some problems we all have in common.As long as we are all foreigners, our biggest issues are around alimentation without the familiar things that we were surrounded by every day and getting used to a new way of living. We live here without our families, we had to arrange housing for ourselves, we are getting accustomed to biking every day. On the other hand we are students, spending time on studying, we all have a limited budget, then we are all girls who love fashion, we cook for ourselves, do groceries, we listen to music and go out, etc. Without knowing each other we succeeded to find numerous common topics as a good initial. What do we We study together but our previous education is different. One part of the group studied international communication channel so that part of the group has a more business riented point of view, while the other part of the group has a more design oriented education. Most of us have lived in different countries other than our home country, so we have insight to different systems. We also have working experience that helped us in having an insight of the companies. Whom do we know? With this question, as Sarasvathy suggests, we have to define the sources of our knowledge, such as our social and professional networks.When an issue was considered, we defined the relative groups we can have each information from. It is important to take any stakeholder into consideration, as long as good ideas can come rom the more or less unexpected sources. With all these given means we defined some of the problems, interests and difficulties that we are currently facing in common. In the framework ofs model of Entrepreneurial Thinking Effectual Reasoning, we defined different issues on the nates of the given means described above, for which there is no satisfying solution on the market.On Figure 2 1 would like to provide some examples to our process of using the method of the Bird in the Hand Principle. Figure Entrepreneurial thinking Pool of ideas (Source Sarasvathy, 2001) At this oint of the idea generation we had to choose one among the some(prenominal) given. To choose one, we started brainstorming whether we have any idea for a solution or not. So this is the second big step of the idea creation in the Design Thinking Model. Ideation How might we solve the problem? As long as we did not want to limit ourselves, we started to search for solution for many problems we have found. From the most unusual till the most ordinary idea, we collected everything, because even bad ideas can be the source of some really good solutions. On Figure 3 1 snow some imagined ends ot the problems. Figure Using Entrepreneurial Thinking Effectual Reasoning for creating the idea (source of image Sarasvathy, 2001) Finally we sticked to the idea of finding a solution to an everyday problem Where can we get help if we have any problem with our bike, when the bike shops are closed?We found this problem interesting as long as we all have bikes, and some of us have already experienced how it is when you need some help and nothing is open. Moreover, biking concerns not only us but the major part of the habitants of Copenhagen. According to the Bicycle work out 2012, 75 % of Copenhageners use their bike throughout the year. Another surprising statistics is that 36 % of everyone who studies or works here uses the bike every day. So with a solut ion to the question above, we can say, that we would reach the major part of the Danish capital.Biking has statistically measured benefits both for us and for the environment. For instance, as the research shows, at present reckon 90,000 T of C02 per year saved by cycling in Copenhagen. Then, according to the 56% of the Copenhageners, it is faster than any other way of travelling since we do not stuck in a traffic Jam and we can easily find short-cuts. It is definitely healthier too. But it can cause some inconvenience as well as delays respecting to our schedule, in case of problems. For example what if you get a puncture going back home by night?

The Other Washington Monument: Alice Roosevelt Longworth’s Contentious Career

youthful stories of daughters of the American Presidents and their clutched lives have been exemplified by teenybopper movies such as Chasing Liberty and The First Daughter. These films typically tell of the heroines quest for individuality, freedom and love and usually end with their realization that their position as the Presidents daughter holds as much responsibility as the President himself. The life story of Alice Roosevelt Longworth, basic daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, would have catapulted into a bigger hit, if it gets to capture the drama, glamour and the controversies that highlight her long life of ninety 6 years.Amidst Turmoil and Catastrophe A Picture of Determination and Character In February 12, 1884, Alice Lee Roosevelt was born in Manhattan to eighteen year old Alice Hathaway Lee and twenty four-year old, republican member of the New York state legislature, Theodore. Her tragical birth seemed a sign of the turbulent life this American mixerite would lead late r on. A some days after Alices birth, both Theodores wife and mformer(a) passed away. The former died of a kidney unhealthiness and the latter of typhoid fever. perchance as a result of this, or of Theodores political ambitions to become city manager of New York City, Alice has never seen much of her father while she was growing up, so she was raised by Theodores sister Anna, whom she called Aunty Bye. Anna was unmarried but sociable and would fill in stories of her real mother to Alice, as a compensation for her apathetic father. Alice would also later comment that Aunty Bye was a probatory and optimistic influence in her life (Beres, 1995).After three years under Aunty Byes care, Alice moved in (because of her stepmothers bidding) with Theodore and her new wife, Edith Kermit Carow in Sagamore Hill, Long Island. She later became the eldest in a brood of six, but was believed to have a distant relationship with her family. Even constant of gravitationgh Alice grew up without the care of a mother, she obtained the elegance and beauty which was widely adored by the public (Bingham, 1969). This occurred despite her compaction of polio in 1887, an infection which al near crippled her.In fact, she would later be praised for a flawless posture, which resulted from her stepmothers recourse to stretch her legs every night as a cure for her viral disease (Beres, 1995) or, fit in to Cordery (1995), from wearing leg braces until she was aged thirteen. Teen Life at the White House patronage losing in the mayoralty race in New York in 1886, Theodore Roosevelts political career became one of the most unparalleled in the history of the United States. He battled corruption as he held positions in the US Civil Service Commission and the New York City Board of Police Commissioners.He became one of the youngest Presidents at xl two after having been sworn into office because of the assassination of then President William Mc Kinley in folk 1901. Alice was seventeen years old then and seemed to struggle with her popularity to the media, as she thwarted when given the nickname Princess Alice by the journalists. She was also lucky (or unlucky, as she would later comment, that her celebration was a dowdy arrangement of her stepmother) to be the first Presidential daughter to have debuted under the Executive Manor, which incidentally, was renamed the White House by Theodore Roosevelt.During these times, Alices mental side was characteristic of todays rich, famous and reckless teenage celebrities. Alice also had her share of the Paparazzi moments, rebellious attitude and controversies. She was a regular at the weekly publication Town Topics at Washington, DC, the predecessor of E-buzz in the 1900s. Her pet shade of blue, so called Alice blue, became a fashion fad and she inspired and popularized songs like Where art thou Alice and Alice Blue Gown.She was widely imitated and her image represented the wrong kind of cool, as she was, as Beres (1995) states , blunt, opinionated, scandalous, and super unpredictable the smoking, drinking, racing around in cars and betting on horses. This behavior brought negative publicity to her family. Perhaps to derail this trend, Alice was sent as an emissary of her father to Cuba and Puerto Rico, and to Japan, China, Korea and the Philippines during the 1905 Russo-Japanese war settlement (Cordery, 1995).But it was her marriage to Nicholas Longworth in February 17, 1906 that fluff her rampage, much to her fathers contentment. They traveled after their famed honeymoon in Cuba and were accompanied by the royalty of Ger more, France and England in their visit to Europe. Her Political Ascent and Demise Her fame as a politician, or somewhat, as a handmaid of the politicians, became eminent after her marriage, as she supported her Fathers and Nicholas campaigns and became the center and promulgator of social events.However, during the 1912 elections, Theodore, who was then running for his third term at the Presidency, lost along with Nicholas who was also failed to win as Senator. With her help and support, his husband regained position in 1914, while she invested her time with wall sockets concerning World War I, the League of Nations and the Ohio Republican Committee. With the loss of her father in January 6, 1919, she continued to strengthen her territory in the political arena. She championed the controversial issue on women suffrage in 1920, as Beres (1995) thought, not because she found it important, but because it was contentious.Two days after her forty-first birthday, she gave birth to her only daughter, Paulina, who was rumored to be her child to Senator William E. Borah. Nonetheless, Nicholas, who died in 1931 while he was Speaker of the House, was a abandoned father to their only child. She declined when offered to run for her husbands position but constantly graced the political theater of operations with presence. During the time of Hitlers violent reign, contrary to her fathers legendary involvement on many international political concerns which earned him the Nobel Peace Prize, she pioneered isolationism for the US.Her witty but frank and intrepid, mostly mean (Bingham, 1969) comments, ably referred to as swordplay by Skow (1988), have earned her the reputation of being a major prestigious political and historical character in her time. In fact, according to Keegan (2006), she would have made an atrocious American Idol judge. She authored Crowded Hours in 1933 when she was 49 and continued to goad both politicians and the public in her fleeting column My Day. She was also a constant critic of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt, Calvin Coolidge and many other US presidents.Paulina, on the other hand, who had a constant appeal for her mothers love, committed what was thought to be suicide at her young age of thirty two. Alice took care of her granddaughter Joanna who had unrelenting loyalty for her until Alices death (Cordery, 1995). On the c ontrary, Skow (1998) mentioned that Alice lived whole for the remainder of her life. She was buried beside Paulina, when she died on February 20, 1980. References Beres, C. B. (1995). Alice Roosevelt Longworth. DISCovering U. S. History. Gale Research Electronic copy. Retrieved September 6. 2007. In Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Great Lives from History, Frank N. Magill. (Ed. ) American Women Series, v. 3. capital of Oregon Press. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI Gale Group. http//galenet. galegroup. com/servlet/HistRC/ Bingham, J. (1969). Before the colors fade Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Electronic copy. Retrieved September 6, 2007. American inheritance Magazine, 202. http//www. americanheritage. com/articles/magazine/ah/1969/2/1969_2_42. shtml. Cordery, S. A. (1995). Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth. Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 10 1976-1980. Charles Scribners Sons. Keegan, R. W. (2006).An American princess. clock Magazine. Electronic copy. Retrieved September 6, 2007. www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1207827,00. html Longworth, Alice Roosevelt. (1933). Crowded Hours Reminiscences of Alice Roosevelt Longworth. Charles Scribners Sons. Longworth, Alice Roosevelt. (2007). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved September 6, 2007, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online http//www. britannica. com/eb/article-9048900 Skow, J. (1988). Swordplay Alice Roosevelt Longworth. snip Magazine. Electronic copy. Retrieved September 6, 2007. www. time. com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,967243,00. html

Ten-Foot-Square Hut

Zhao Meng Cui Buddhism Professor Broughton Mon 645pm-945pm Ten-Foot-Square Hut The Ten-Foot Square Hut is more of a story word of honor to me rather than any religion related concur. Kamo no Chomei describe the reaching of the mappo is complete chaos. First, on that point is a huge fire broke out on a windy night in the triplet year of the Angen era(1177) in the capital city. The fire was spread widely. Houses were torched people were chocked to death by smoke or burned to death alive. The result of the fire was Sixteen mansions of the nobility were consumed by the fire, to say nothing of untold numbers of other dwellings.Fully one third of the capital was destroyed several thousand men and women perished. Second, there is a huge whirlwind hit the capital again in the Jisho ear(1180). Four or five blocks of the city were destroyed. People lost their house, belongings, and lives. The southwestern area next to the city was damaged as well cod to the wind moved that way down. Th ird, the relocation of the capital and changing in politics. New capital was reinforced in a different location up north in the mountain area by the sea. Kamo no chomei was also noticed the persons that he knew were riding on horses like the warrior clans instead of sitting in ox cart.People were quieten living in the fear of the fire. Fourth, the hunger comes around the Yowa era (1181-1182). Typhoons and floods destroyed stir lands and grain. It lasted 2 years. Many people were dead and grain were worth more than gold. Fifth, earthquake. Kamo no chomei mentioned the destruction of each(prenominal) temples first time. Last, Peoples brainiac changed. Peoples desire of wealth grows. They become greedy. This is the arrival of the mappo to Kamo no Chomei. Its like everything that is known to people were destroyed and the old believes were collapsed.Nothing is going to the right direction. Kamo no chomeis hut measures ten feet square in area and less than seven feet in height. The ea ves reach out three feet for firewood and cooking on the east side. There is also a bamboo balcony with a book shelf at the western side. He put an image of Amida and bodhisattva fugen on the north wall. His bed is along the east side of the room. He kept his music instruments and other books at the southwest corner. Nembutsu was his Bhuddhist practice. His problem was that he loved his small hut and the simple life style.His small hut help him with practice, but it is still consider as mental grasping. Buddha warn us against feelings of attachment. He is still attached to something that would keep him in the samsara. His solutions to his problem are call upon my tongue to utter two or three recitations of Amida Buddhas name, bootless as they might be, before falling silent. My understanding is that he would first do more Buddhistic practices as mentioned above utter two or three recitations of Amida Buddhas name secondly, easy his mind and meditate as in falling silent.

Binary oppositions of Male/Female in Wide Sargasso Sea Essay

The novel Wide Sargasso Sea is basic altogethery a contrast as rise as shows similarities surrounded by main male and female characters of the novel. The Male of England vs. the Female of Caribbean is the focus of this essay. Both the characters comprise an important role in enhancing the themes, symbols and metaphors of the novel. No doubt, the writer of the novel Rhys has done a great line of reasoning in explaining different psychological states of both the characters while putting them in different social situations. The showtime similarity between them is the search for security.In their entire pass aways they keep on searching for physical and psychic securities. Antoinette wants it in the form of a homophile who can support him in piece of musicy different ship canal and Rochester wants security in terms of finance and of the fulfillment of his lust. With security, they are in search of bliss to a fault precisely the operational definition of happiness to both of th em is completely different and which is the main crises of the novel. According to Rochester, happiness is in physical love and wealth while to Antoinette happiness is in existence a saved woman.The main desire of Antoinette in the novel is being loved and respected but unfortunately her man is unable to satisfy her in that manner. He never tries to understand his wife and always wants her to follow what he says, regardless of the fact that she is a human being and trusts him to extent. Rochester is in a superiority complex because of his skin colour and is under the event that hes superior to early(a)s because he belongs to England. Not only he himself is in superior complex, he wants to have an upper hand on Antoinette and associates her with inferiority because of her dirty childhood.This is a human nature that everyone likes his/her mother land and so in the case of the novel. The guy of England doesnt like to live in Caribbean and the girl of Caribbean cant adopt the cultu re of England. They non only love their places but also hate to live at each others Rochester feels dangerous with the people of Caribbean and not feels comfortable living there. He is the man who has spent his early years in a developed country and cant adjust to a landscape now.On the other side, Antoinette is under the impression that her mans dry behavior is due to the fact that he has to live in a totally different environment and she is, to some extent, true as well. One of the very important similarities between both the characters is depgoalence. She is dependent on him for social and financial management. Being a lady, she has to have a man to secure her in every possible way while hes dependent on her for cozyly satisfying himself. Hes dependent in the context of wealth as well.Antoinette wants to plethoric her fear (of childhood) through getting a life dowerner where Rochester wants a companion to satisfy his sexual desires. She goes through a miserable childhood an d this is the cause of her psychological state that comes in the later part of the novel. In the novel, both of the main characters go through some type of mental disorder. Antoinette, being unassured to an extent that locks her in the room while Rochester experiences paranoia and thinks that his lady will leave him in that fearful and insecure place.The novel is tragic, not because it has a sad ending but because both of the characters are unsuccessful in achieving their targets. Not only they lead their lives miserably but they meet an unhappy and tragic end as well. Instead of becoming a lady of her mans heart, she is supposed to become a knuckle down and on the other hand Rochester is under the impression that his lady doesnt love him at all and has no interest in living with him. Throughout the novel, both of them keep on expecting from each other but running after their own happiness and desires of lives.We see that they want to lead their lives according to their wishes. Sh e doesnt want to live in England while he hates Caribbean. We hardly see any element of agree between them. They are less human in the sense that they give importance to their desires over people. yet we have sympathy to both the characters also because this behavior of being selfish is due to the society. Her nature of being loved is due to her dark and unloved childhood while his obsession of money has excuses too. In a sense, both of them want happiness throughout the novel but meet a woeful end Work Cited Rhys, Jean. , Wide Sargasso Sea

Nursing and Principles of Protecting Patient Safety Case Study

Nursing and Principles of Protecting Patient Safety - Case Study archetypeFirst, the nurses would electronically sign off on IV bags, for instance, so that they would be available when they were needed, even though they had to be junked sometimes when the situation for their need ceased to be operative, or the doctors changed their minds. There was no procedure in place also to make sure that nurses remembered what they signed for electronically, as they did this at the end of the shift or during their breaks. The redundant electronic and manual entries were procedural elements that led to lapses due to human errors that are perceivable accustomed the situation. No, the nurses are not negligent. The procedure is flawed (Brindley, 2010 WHO, 2002 AMA, 2013 Jones, n.d.)It is not below the standard of care to delay the financial support for the documentation, given that this has to take a lower priority in a list of priorities that include spend time with more critical patient-relat ed tasks, such as administering the medications, doing the rounds, and assisting the doctors with patient-related needs. This is an error in a procedure that the nurses were make to go into, and which led to understandable lapses (Brindley, 2010 WHO, 2002 AMA, 2013 Jones, n.d.).The primary consideration is the intent. Do the nurses have an intent to cheat procedures in order to gain personally and to agree patient safety and outcomes? Is the intent criminal, or are the mistakes and lapses understandable consequences of nurses making mistakes due to flaws in procedures themselves? Are the nurses working in earnest, rather than intentionally cheating in order to gain access to narcotics for their own use? (Brindley, 2010 WHO, 2002 AMA, 2013 Jones, n.d.)The charges the hospital may level against the nurse would be an intentional breach of procedure in order to procure narcotics and cheat the hospital, and criminal intent to compromise patient safety by compromising supplies of vitalna rcotics, among many other potential cases.